How Nursing Homes Stays Ravage Finances
If there is a nursing home stay in your future, and odds are there is, financial planning is a must.
Retirement healthcare costs get regular attention as the biggest unknown expense most of us will face as we age. Yet at least one of those costs—long-term care—stems from a situation that is statistically well-known. About 70 percent of people now age 65 and older will need some period of extended care during the remainder of their life. Further, according to a recent study, people who think they may need long-term care at some point turn out to be pretty reliable forecasters of their own futures.
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The heavy odds of incurring long-term care expenses makes a recent study by the Employee Benefit Research Institute (EBRI) all the more dramatic. The study, by EBRI research associate Sudipto Banerjee, calculates the enormous financial drain of nursing home stays on several components of household wealth, and compares this impact with the financial health of households that don’t have to absorb such costs.
In 2000, 6 percent of seniors (anyone at least 65 years old) spent at least one night in a nursing home during the previous two years. By 2010, the comparable figure had risen to 8.5 percent. Over the same period, the percentage of seniors who received some type of professional home healthcare services rose from 9 percent to 13 percent. Keep in mind that this is just for a two-year exposure period during a window that may span 20 or 30 years.
“Seniors face a number of retirement planning uncertainties, including longevity risk (the risk of outliving one’s assets), inflation risk (the risk of asset erosion), and investment risk (the risk of investment losses),” EBRI says. “But perhaps none is as critical to their retirement security as health risk. Health shocks toward the end of life can result in serious functional limitations and even permanent disability … One of the biggest health expenditure shocks a retired individual can experience is entry into a nursing home.”
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EBRI looked at what happened to the household assets of people who had spent time in a nursing home. People with short stays (fewer than 30 nights) had median household wealth of $108,300, those with stays between 31 and 180 nights had $67,836, and those who stayed more than 180 days had median household assets of only $5,518 (median means half of the people had more money, and half less).
Meanwhile, seniors who never went into a nursing home had median assets of $173,848. And their household assets continued to rise as the assets of those using nursing facilities were dropping. “This suggests that nursing home entrants are less wealthy to begin with,” EBRI said. “Possible reasons could be that the average age of nursing home entrants is higher than non-entrants, or that nursing home entrants are less healthy, a condition that correlates with less wealth.”
Seniors were asked if they thought they might need nursing home services and then their actual patterns of future nursing-home stays was reviewed. It turns out that their predictions were broadly accurate, EBRI said, with “the chances of an actual nursing home stay increasing steadily with the self-reported probability of entering a nursing home.”
So, ask yourself if nursing home or extended home-based, long-term care might be in your future. Accepting the possibility of needing such care triggers the need to figure out how to plan for such a future. And Americans are, by and large, not so good at planning. But a first step is to understand the three funding sources for long-term care beyond personal savings:
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1. Medicare provides limited benefits of up to 100 days, but only in a skilled nursing facility and only after a hospital stay. Surveys have shown consumers believe Medicare provides generous long-term care support, but it does not.
2. Medicaid will fund care for low-income people who have few financial resources, which describes virtually everyone after they’ve spent time in a nursing home. “Nearly half of the seniors who live for more than six months in nursing homes surrender almost all of their income and assets,” the EBRI study says.
3. Private long-term care insurance. There has been a sustained rise in nursing home residents covered by this insurance—to 14 percent in 2010 from about 6 percent in 2000. But policies can be expensive. A 2009 study found annual premiums for a typical policy averaged $2,800 a year for policies purchased when the owner was 55, $4,500 at age 65, and $9,600 at age 75. Since this study, some insurers have left the long-term care market and premiums have risen.
Article contributed by Philip Moeller (Money, U.S. News & World Report-6/12)
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The Essentials of Disability Insurance
No one knows what the future holds, so it’s important for you to do your best to prepare for what life may bring. Certainly everyone’s circumstances are different, but these tips will help you get started and make the best decision based on your specific needs.
- If you or others depend on your income – you need it.
If you have people who depend on your income – or if you depend on your income – you need disability insurance. Many people may be surprised to learn that social security disability benefits are not available if you are expected to be out of work for less than a year. One year without income could deplete your savings and have a significant impact on your finances.
- Disability insurance replaces a portion of your income when you can’t work.
If you were unable to work due to illness or injury, disability insurance can help to pay your most essential expenses, including food, utilities, school tuition, home and car payments.
- Most long-term absences are due to illnesses, not accidents.
While many people think that disabilities are typically caused by accidents, the majority of long-term absences are actually due to illnesses, such as cancer and heart disease. In fact, 10% of long-term disabilities are due to injury.
- You need it even if you’re young and healthy.
Almost 1 in 4 of today’s 20 year-olds will become disabled before reaching age 67.5 – What’s more, it’s easier and less expensive to get disability insurance when you’re young and healthy
- The risk of a disability during your working years may be greater than you think.
The risk of suffering a disabling illness or injury may be more likely than you realize. In fact, the average 20 year old is twice as likely to become disabled than to die before age 67.6 Disability insurance helps you to maintain a steady stream of income when you can’t work due to illness or injury.
- A good rule of thumb is to protect 60-80% of your after-tax income.
You will need to meet your essential living expenses if you should become disabled. 72% of consumer expenditures are to cover essential expenses like housing, food, transportation, health care and education.
- Some disability insurance is better than no disability insurance.
When budgets are especially tight, it still makes sense to buy enough disability insurance to cover the rent or mortgage and keep your family in their home should you become disabled. Disability insurance is more affordable than you may think.
- Make sure you know how much disability insurance you get at work.
A good place to start is to see if disability coverage is made available to you at work. You might want to look carefully at coverage, however, since group benefits alone may not be enough due to the amount of income being replaced, potential benefit limitations and types of income covered.
- There is no substitute for good advice.
Good advice on how much insurance is right for your needs can be found in a variety of places. Some prefer talking to a trained financial professional, while others prefer to do research online. Whichever approach works best for you, taking action to protect you and your family with disability insurance is an important part of a strong financial plan.
- The financial strength and reputation of the company you buy from matters.
When you purchase disability insurance, the company you buy from is making a long-term commitment to you. If you become disabled, there is a chance you will receive benefits for an extended period of time, so it makes sense to buy from a company with experience, financial strength and a solid reputation.